| A pump is a device used to move gases,
| |
| | (usually called a compressor), chemical
|
| liquids, or slurries. A pump moves
| |
| | movement, sewage movement, flood control,
|
| liquids or gases from lower pressure to
| |
| | marine services, etc.
|
| higher pressure, and overcomes this
| |
| | Because of the wide variety of
|
| difference in pressure by adding energy
| |
| | applications, pumps have a plethora of
|
| to the system (such as a water system). A
| |
| | shapes and sizes: from very large to very
|
| gas pump is generally called a
| |
| | small, from handling gas to handling
|
| compressor, except in very low
| |
| | liquid, from high pressure to low
|
| pressure-rise applications, such as in
| |
| | pressure, and from high volume to low
|
| heating, ventilating, and
| |
| | volume.
|
| air-conditioning, the equipment is known
| |
| | Power source
|
| as fans or blowers.
| |
| | 19th century Dutch diesel pump in
|
| The earliest pump was described by
| |
| | Rijswijk, Netherlands Domestic Central
|
| Archimedes in the 3rd century BC and is
| |
| | Heating PumpPumps may be powered by an
|
| known as the Archimedes screw pump. Pumps
| |
| | internal combustion engine, electric
|
| work by using mechanical forces to push
| |
| | motor, manually (as with the hand pump
|
| the material, either by physically
| |
| | used for pumping groundwater, called
|
| lifting, or by the force of compression.
| |
| | walking beam pump), or by wind power
|
| Pumps fall into three categories:
| |
| | (common for irrigation). Solar power has
|
| positive displacement, kinetic
| |
| | been used to power an electric motor, for
|
| (centrifugal), and jet (eductor). Their
| |
| | remote locations
|
| names describe the method for moving a
| |
| | Eductor-jet pumps are useful for draining
|
| liquid, such as water.
| |
| | areas which may contain combustible
|
| A positive displacement pump causes a
| |
| | fluids (which could ignite if exposed to
|
| fluid to move by trapping a fixed volume
| |
| | the workings of a standard electric or
|
| of water and then forcing (displacement)
| |
| | internal combustion powered pump) or high
|
| that trapped volume into the receiving
| |
| | levels of debris (which could damage
|
| pipe. Positive displacement pumps can be
| |
| | screws or blades in conventional pump
|
| further classified as either rotary-type
| |
| | designs).
|
| (for example the rotary vane pump) or
| |
| | A source of pressurized fluid (e.g. a
|
| reciprocating-type (for example the
| |
| | firehose) is connected to a chamber which
|
| diaphragm pump).
| |
| | is open on one end, and leads to an
|
| A centrifugal pump causes a fluid to move
| |
| | exhaust hose on the other end. The
|
| by transferring the kinetic (rotational)
| |
| | pressurized fluid is forced through
|
| energy from a motor (through an impeller)
| |
| | nozzles (called eductor jets) mounted
|
| into water pressure (potential energy).
| |
| | axially on the inside of the pump
|
| A eductor-jet pump is special type of
| |
| | chamber, pointed in the direction of the
|
| pump without moving parts that uses the
| |
| | exhaust hose. The passage of the
|
| kinetic energy of a fluid to increase the
| |
| | pressurized fluid through the chamber and
|
| pressure of a second fluid.
| |
| | into the exhaust hose creates a suction
|
| Application
| |
| | on the open end of the chamber (Venturi
|
| Pumps are used throughout society for a
| |
| | effect), such that any fluid the pump
|
| variety of purposes. Early applications
| |
| | chamber has been submerged in will be
|
| includes the use of the windmill or
| |
| | drawn into the chamber and thence into
|
| watermill to pump water. Today, the pump
| |
| | the exhaust hose along with the fluid
|
| is used for irrigation, water supply, air
| |
| | from the eductor jet nozzles.
|
| conditioning systems, refrigeration
| |
| |
|
