| Oil and Gas Industries and equipment and secure | | | | daily while the part being tested is only |
| testing systems. | | | | pressurized one time. This type of continuous |
| The Oil and Gas industries as well as the Refining | | | | cycles cause fatigue. All parts subjected to test |
| and Petrochemical plants have been subjected to | | | | pressures over a long period of time will fatigue. |
| continuous and strenuous rules and regulations | | | | The degree of failure depends on the test |
| from Governments, Customers, National | | | | pressures and number of cycles. For this reason |
| Standards and End Users. This demand for quality | | | | the stressing process of Autofrettage was |
| and system performance requires test equipment | | | | developed to prestress the items subjected to |
| and test systems to meet or exceed these | | | | pressure in such a way as to create hoop stress |
| requirements. Safety has become paramount in | | | | high enough to exceed the stresses in the |
| the development and use of test systems and | | | | materials used for testing. Finished parts are |
| equipment. Personnel can no longer be subjected | | | | subjected to the Autofrettage process for the |
| to situations that could cause injury or loss of life. | | | | same reason. While the parts being tested only |
| Safety Audits, Protective Barriers, Test | | | | see the test pressure once, in the field it is |
| Equipment, Test Systems, High Pressure Pumps | | | | subjected to operating pressures on a continuous |
| and Valves are all subjected to test pressures | | | | basis. |